CHEMISTRY (Advanced) – Introduction to Carbon Chemistry

Introduction to Carbon Chemistry

Learning Time: 4-12 hours

Content: Introduction to carbon chemistry is a subject that examines the structure and properties of carbon, which form the basis of organic chemistry. This area covers carbon tetravalence, hybridization (sp, sp², sp³), isomerism, the definition of functional groups, and the classification of organic compounds. The TYT focuses on basic carbon structures, while the AYT focuses on complex molecules. The current 2025 curriculum also covers biotechnology and materials science. Learning this topic lays the groundwork for organic chemistry.

• Properties of Carbon:
  • Tetravalence and Covalent Bonds
  • Hybridization (sp, sp², sp³)
  • Catenane Property of Carbon
• Isomerism:
  • Constitutional Isomers
  • Stereoisomers (Optical, Geometric)
  • Number of Isomers and Structure
• Functional Groups:
  • Alcohols, Aldehydes, Acids
  • Ethers, Esters, Amines
  • General Properties and Reactivity
• Applications:
  • Drug and Cosmetics Production
  • Polymer Synthesis
  • Biological Molecules
• Affecting Factors:
  • Carbon Chain Length
  • Bond Type (Single, Double, Triple)
  • Ambient Conditions
• Modern Developments:
  • Nanocarbon Materials (Graphene)
  • Biotechnological Syntheses
  • Green Organic Chemistry