Fundamental Laws of Chemistry
Learning Time: 4-12 hours
Content: The fundamental laws of chemistry are universal principles that explain the quantitative relationships of chemical reactions. This field covers the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, the law of multiple proportions, the volume ratios of gases (Gay-Lussac), and Avogadro’s hypothesis. The TYT focuses on fundamental laws and calculations, while the AYT focuses on reaction stoichiometry. The current 2025 curriculum also covers chemical equilibrium and industrial processes. Learning this topic provides a solid foundation for chemical calculations.
- Law of Conservation of Mass:
- Lavoisier’s Contributions
- Mass Before and After a Reaction
- Applications (Balanced Chemical Equations)
- Law of Definite Proportions:
- Proust’s Findings
- Relative Composition in Compounds
- Examples (Water and Carbon Dioxide)
- Law of Multiple Proportions:
- Dalton’s Theory
- Combination in Different Proportions
- Examples (Oxides of Nitrogen)
- Volume Ratios of Gases:
- Gay-Lussac’s Law
- Volume Ratios (2:1, Reactions)
- Avogadro’s Hypothesis (Equal Volume-Equal Molecule)
- Applications:
- Stoichiometry Calculations
- Industrial Chemistry (Ammonia Production)
- Environmental Analyses
- Affecting Factors:
- Reaction Conditions
- Molecular Structure
- Pressure and Temperature Changes
- Modern Developments:
- Chemical Equilibrium Analysis
- Reaction Simulations
- Principles of Green Chemistry
Course Features
- Lectures 0
- Quizzes 0
- Duration 5 hours
- Skill level Intermediate
- Language English
- Students 15
- Assessments Yes
